全球企業陷入搶人才大戰，軟性能力出頭，面試技巧需要更多精準的創意。
不論是面試主管或被面試的求職者，都要不斷更新自己的思考！
Google Interview Questions: Software Engineer
* Why are manhole covers round?
* What is the difference between a mutex and a semaphore? Which
one would you use to protect access to an increment operation?
* A man pushed his car to a hotel and lost his fortune. What happened?
* Explain the significance of “dead beef”.
* Write a C program which measures the the speed of a context
switch on a UNIX/Linux system.
* Given a function which produces a random integer in the range 1
to 5, write a function which produces a random integer in the range 1
to 7.
* Describe the algorithm for a depth-first graph traversal.
* Design a class library for writing card games.
* You need to check that your friend, Bob, has your correct phone
number, but you cannot ask him directly. You must write a the question
on a card which and give it to Eve who will take the card to Bob and
return the answer to you. What must you write on the card, besides the
question, to ensure Bob can encode the message so that Eve cannot read
your phone number?
* How are cookies passed in the HTTP protocol?
* Design the SQL database tables for a car rental database.
* Write a regular expression which matches a email address.
* Write a function f(a, b) which takes two character string
arguments and returns a string containing only the characters found in
both strings in the order of a. Write a version which is order
N-squared and one which is order N.
* You are given a the source to a application which is crashing
when run. After running it 10 times in a debugger, you find it never
crashes in the same place. The application is single threaded, and
uses only the C standard library. What programming errors could be
causing this crash? How would you test each one?
* Explain how congestion control works in the TCP protocol.
* In Java, what is the difference between final, finally, and finalize?
* What is multithreaded programming? What is a deadlock?
* Write a function (with helper functions if needed) called to Excel that takes an excel column value (A,B,C,D…AA,AB,AC,… AAA..) andreturns a corresponding integer value (A=1,B=2,… AA=26..).
* You have a stream of infinite queries (ie: real time Google
search queries that people are entering). Describe how you would go
about finding a good estimate of 1000 samples from this never ending
set of data and then write code for it.
* Tree search algorithms. Write BFS and DFS code, explain run time
and space requirements. Modify the code to handle trees with weighted
edges and loops with BFS and DFS, make the code print out path to goal
state.
* You are given a list of numbers. When you reach the end of the
list you will come back to the beginning of the list (a circular
list). Write the most efficient algorithm to find the minimum # in
this list. Find any given # in the list. The numbers in the list are
always increasing but you don’t know where the circular list begins,
ie: 38, 40, 55, 89, 6, 13, 20, 23, 36.
* Describe the data structure that is used to manage memory. (stack)
* What’s the difference between local and global variables?
* If you have 1 million integers, how would you sort them efficiently? (modify a specific sorting algorithm to solve this)
* In Java, what is the difference between static, final, and
const. (if you don’t know Java they will ask something similar for C
or C++).
* Talk about your class projects or work projects (pick something
easy)… then describe how you could make them more efficient (in terms
of algorithms).
* Suppose you have an NxN matrix of positive and negative
integers. Write some code that finds the sub-matrix with the maximum
sum of its elements.
* Write some code to reverse a string.
* Implement division (without using the divide operator, obviously).
* Write some code to find all permutations of the letters in a
particular string.
* What method would you use to look up a word in a dictionary?
* Imagine you have a closet full of shirts. It’s very hard to find
a shirt. So what can you do to organize your shirts for easy
retrieval?
* You have eight balls all of the same size. 7 of them weigh the
same, and one of them weighs slightly more. How can you fine the ball
that is heavier by using a balance and only two weighings?
* What is the C-language command for opening a connection with a
foreign host over the internet?
* Design and describe a system/application that will most
efficiently produce a report of the top 1 million Google search
requests. These are the particulars: 1) You are given 12 servers to
work with. They are all dual-processor machines with 4Gb of RAM,
4×400GB hard drives and networked together.(Basically, nothing more
than high-end PC’s) 2) The log data has already been cleaned for you.
It consists of 100 Billion log lines, broken down into 12 320 GB files
of 40-byte search terms per line. 3) You can use only custom written
applications or available free open-source software.
* There is an array A[N] of N numbers. You have to compose an
array Output[N] such that Output[i] will be equal to multiplication of
all the elements of A[N] except A[i]. For example Output[0] will be
multiplication of A[1] to A[N-1] and Output[1] will be multiplication
of A[0] and from A[2] to A[N-1]. Solve it without division operator
and in O(n).
* There is a linked list of numbers of length N. N is very large
and you don’t know N. You have to write a function that will return k
random numbers from the list. Numbers should be completely random.
Hint: 1. Use random function rand() (returns a number between 0 and 1)
and irand() (return either 0 or 1) 2. It should be done in O(n).
* Find or determine non existence of a number in a sorted list of
N numbers where the numbers range over M, M>> N and N large enough to
span multiple disks. Algorithm to beat O(log n) bonus points for
constant time algorithm.
* You are given a game of Tic Tac Toe. You have to write a
function in which you pass the whole game and name of a player. The
function will return whether the player has won the game or not. First
you to decide which data structure you will use for the game. You need
to tell the algorithm first and then need to write the code. Note:
Some position may be blank in the game। So your data structure should
consider this condition also.
* You are given an array [a1 To an] and we have to construct
another array [b1 To bn] where bi = a1*a2*…*an/ai. you are allowed to
use only constant space and the time complexity is O(n). No divisions
are allowed.
* How do you put a Binary Search Tree in an array in a efficient
manner. Hint :: If the node is stored at the ith position and its
children are at 2i and 2i+1(I mean level order wise)Its not the most
efficient way.
* How do you find out the fifth maximum element in an Binary
Search Tree in efficient manner. Note: You should not use use any
extra space. i.e sorting Binary Search Tree and storing the results in
an array and listing out the fifth element.
* Given a Data Structure having first n integers and next n chars.
A = i1 i2 i3 … iN c1 c2 c3 … cN.Write an in-place algorithm to
rearrange the elements of the array ass A = i1 c1 i2 c2 … in cn
* Given two sequences of items, find the items whose absolute
number increases or decreases the most when comparing one sequence
with the other by reading the sequence only once.
* Given That One of the strings is very very long , and the other
one could be of various sizes. Windowing will result in O(N+M)
solution but could it be better? May be NlogM or even better?
* How many lines can be drawn in a 2D plane such that they are
equidistant from 3 non-collinear points?
* Let’s say you have to construct Google maps from scratch and
guide a person standing on Gateway of India (Mumbai) to India
Gate(Delhi). How do you do the same?
* Given that you have one string of length N and M small strings
of length L. How do you efficiently find the occurrence of each small
string in the larger one?
* Given a binary tree, programmatically you need to prove it is a
binary search tree.
* You are given a small sorted list of numbers, and a very very
long sorted list of numbers – so long that it had to be put on a disk
in different blocks. How would you find those short list numbers in
the bigger one?
* Suppose you have given N companies, and we want to eventually merge them into one big company. How many ways are theres to merge?
* Given a file of 4 billion 32-bit integers, how to find one that
appears at least twice?
* Write a program for displaying the ten most frequent words in a
file such that your program should be efficient in all complexity
measures.
* Design a stack. We want to push, pop, and also, retrieve the
minimum element in constant time.
* Given a set of coin denominators, find the minimum number of
coins to give a certain amount of change.
* Given an array, i) find the longest continuous increasing
subsequence. ii) find the longest increasing subsequence.
* Suppose we have N companies, and we want to eventually merge
them into one big company. How many ways are there to merge?
* Write a function to find the middle node of a single link list.
* Given two binary trees, write a compare function to check if
they are equal or not. Being equal means that they have the same value
and same structure.
* Implement put/get methods of a fixed size cache with LRU
replacement algorithm.
* You are given with three sorted arrays ( in ascending order),
you are required to find a triplet ( one element from each array) such
that distance is minimum.
* Distance is defined like this : If a[i], b[j] and c[k] are three
elements then distance=max(abs(a[i]-b[j]),abs(a[i]-c[k]),abs(b[j]-c[k]))”
Please give a solution in O(n) time complexity
* How does C++ deal with constructors and deconstructors of a class and its child class?
* Write a function that flips the bits inside a byte (either in
C++ or Java). Write an algorithm that take a list of n words, and an
integer m, and retrieves the mth most frequent word in that list.
* What’s 2 to the power of 64?
* Given that you have one string of length N and M small strings
of length L. How do you efficiently find the occurrence of each small
string in the larger one?
* How do you find out the fifth maximum element in an Binary
Search Tree in efficient manner.
* Suppose we have N companies, and we want to eventually merge
them into one big company. How many ways are there to merge?
* There is linked list of millions of node and you do not know the
length of it. Write a function which will return a random number from
the list.
* You need to check that your friend, Bob, has your correct phone
number, but you cannot ask him directly. You must write a the question
on a card which and give it to Eve who will take the card to Bob and
return the answer to you. What must you write on the card, besides the
question, to ensure Bob can encode the message so that Eve cannot read
your phone number?
* How long it would take to sort 1 trillion numbers? Come up with
a good estimate.
* Order the functions in order of their asymptotic performance: 1)
2^n 2) n^100 3) n! 4) n^n
* There are some data represented by(x,y,z). Now we want to find
the Kth least data. We say (x1, y1, z1) > (x2, y2, z2) when value(x1,
y1, z1) > value(x2, y2, z2) where value(x,y,z) = (2^x)*(3^y)*(5^z).
Now we can not get it by calculating value(x,y,z) or through other
indirect calculations as lg(value(x,y,z)). How to solve it?
* How many degrees are there in the angle between the hour and
minute hands of a clock when the time is a quarter past three?
* Given an array whose elements are sorted, return the index of a
the first occurrence of a specific integer. Do this in sub-linear
time. I.e. do not just go through each element searching for that
element.
* Given two linked lists, return the intersection of the two
lists: i.e. return a list containing only the elements that occur in
both of the input lists.
* What’s the difference between a hashtable and a hashmap?
* If a person dials a sequence of numbers on the telephone, what
possible words/strings can be formed from the letters associated with
those numbers?
* How would you reverse the image on an n by n matrix where each
pixel is represented by a bit?
* Create a fast cached storage mechanism that, given a limitation
on the amount of cache memory, will ensure that only the least
recently used items are discarded when the cache memory is reached
when inserting a new item. It supports 2 functions: String get(T t)
and void put(String k, T t).
* Create a cost model that allows Google to make purchasing
decisions on to compare the cost of purchasing more RAM memory for
their servers vs. buying more disk space.
* Design an algorithm to play a game of Frogger and then code the
solution. The object of the game is to direct a frog to avoid cars
while crossing a busy road. You may represent a road lane via an
array. Generalize the solution for an N-lane road.
* What sort would you use if you had a large data set on disk and
a small amount of ram to work with?
* What sort would you use if you required tight max time bounds
and wanted highly regular performance.
* How would you store 1 million phone numbers?
* Design a 2D dungeon crawling game. It must allow for various
items in the maze – walls, objects, and computer-controlled
characters. (The focus was on the class structures, and how to
optimize the experience for the user as s/he travels through the
dungeon.)
* What is the size of the C structure below on a 32-bit system? On a 64-bit?
你覺得自己有把握去Google工作了麼?
提供每個問題 陳執編的回答────
第1題 答案是 ----Google一下。
第2....Google一下。
第3....Google一下。
....................
4)Google一下。
5)Google一下。
6)Google一下。
7)Google一下。
8)Google一下。
9)Google一下。
10)Google一下。
11)Google一下。
12)Google一下。
13)Google一下。
14)Google一下。
15)Google一下。
16)Google一下。
17)Google一下。.....140) 給我時間 我要"Google一下"
^^
全文出處引用自http://blog.seattleinterviewcoach.com/2009/02/140-google-interview-questions.html#software_engineer
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